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As I've mentioned previously , a common method used in sports for estimating game outcomes known as log5 can be written p=p1q2p1q2+q1p2 where pi is the fraction of games won by team i and qi is the fraction of games lost by team i. We're assuming that there are no ties. What's the easiest way to derive this estimate? Here's one argument. Assume team i has a probability pi of beating an average team (a team that wins half its games). Now imagine that this means for any given game the team has some "strength" sampled from [0,1] with median pi and that the stronger team always wins. Thus, the probability that team 1 beats team 2 is p=∫10∫10Pr(p1>p2)dp1dp2. This looks complicated, but but with probability p1 team 1 is stronger than an average team and with probability p2 team 2 is stronger than an average team. From this perspecti...